biogeographic maps

http://www.planetaryvisions.com/Project.php?pid=2218
A biogeographic map is a thematic map that displays the distribution of species. This map is used to determine what organisms are where and what factors, geographically contribute to this. An example of this can be seen above in this graph displaying vegetation and regions. This is important for understanding where species are and migration patterns.

standardized choropleth map

http://www.directionsmag.com/articles/choropleth-mapping-with-exploratory-data-analysis/123579

In order to account for different sized land masses, the standardized map used aerially averaged data instead of the total value. this allows every sized unit to be compared to each other. An example of this can be seen in the above map of the population density. This is a better mapping technique of all choropleth maps because it allows for the comparison of different unit sizes. This map shows the population of different sized areas and shades them according to the quantile it falls into. Each area can now be compared to each other.

climograph

http://www.colorado.edu/geography/extra/geogweb/bouldercreek-2/preview/page2.html
A climographs display climate information such as precipitation or monthly average temperatures etc. This graph allows users to see the change in the measured variable throughout the year. An example of this can be seen above in the climograph of Boulder, Colorado. The graph shows the average precipitation and monthly temperatures for the year. this map is used to determine why flash floods occur in Boulder.

population profile

http://www.census.gov/2010census/
A population profile is a chart graphing all the distribution of the population according to their ages. An example of this can be seen above in the chart where the population is represented by their sex and age. This is an application used by the census to demonstrate the demographics of age group and sex in proportion to the total population.  

Index value plot

http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/12/09/the-november-amo-index-goes-negative-first-time-since-1996/

An index value plots data on a line graph as index values instead of absolute values. A point of reference is also displayed and used to compare the data. An example of this can be seen above. This a line graph plotting the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. The point of reference allows the comparison to be made of when the values are negative (below the reference point) and when they are positive(above the reference).

Lorenz graph

http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2012/mar/3.html

A Lorenz graph displays a cumulative distribution function. It shows the proportions of a wealth distribution developed by Lorenz in 1905. It is mostly used in an economic application. The equality line is graphed as X=Y. The curve is the actual data graphed of the wealth distribution. This can be seen in the map above. The actual wealth and income fall below the equal distribution line. The percentages of each  wealth or income and households can be found on the x and y axis.

Bilateral graph

http://seekingalpha.com/article/241440-will-octobers-improved-trade-deficit-continue

A bilateral graph displays two related sets of variables/data through a bar graph, a histogram, a line graph etc. It make sit easier to see and observe more than one set of data at one time. An example of this can be seen above. This graph is a line graph displaying the US trade deficit for each month for the year 2009 and 2010. By using a bilateral line graph, the two sets of data can be compared and trends can be noticed.